Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the northern part of the U.S. state of California. The "valley" in its name refers to the Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County, which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns, where the region has been traditionally centered. The region has expanded to include the southern half of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County, and southern portions of the East Bay in Alameda County.
The word "silicon" originally referred to the large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the region, but the area is now the home to many of the world's largest high-tech corporations, including the headquarters of 39 businesses in the Fortune 1000, and thousands of startup companies. Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States, which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development. It was in the Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit, the microprocessor, and the microcomputer, among other key technologies, were developed. As of 2013, the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers.[1]
As more high-tech companies were established across the Santa Clara Valley, and then north towards the Bay Area's two other major cities, San Francisco and Oakland, the "Silicon Valley" name eventually came to refer to all high-tech businesses in the region. The term is now generally used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector. The name also became a global synonym for leading high-tech research and enterprises, and thus inspired similar named locations, as well as research parks and technology centers with a comparable structure all around the world
Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following 39 are in the Fortune 1000:
- Adobe Systems
- Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
- Agilent Technologies
- Akyumen[57]
- Alphabet Inc.
- Apple Inc.
- Applied Materials
- Brocade Communications Systems
- Cisco Systems
- eBay
- Electronic Arts
- Hewlett Packard Enterprise
- HP Inc.
- Intel
- Intuit
- Juniper Networks
- KLA Tencor
- Lam Research
- Lockheed Martin
- LSI Logic
- Marvell Semiconductors
- Maxim Integrated Products
- National Semiconductor
- NetApp
- Netflix
- Nvidia
- Oracle Corporation
- Riverbed Technology
- Salesforce.com
- SanDisk
- Sanmina-SCI
- Symantec
- Tesla Motors
- Visa Inc.
- VMware
- Western Digital Corporation
- Xilinx
- Yahoo!
Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):
- 3Com (acquired by Hewlett-Packard)
- 8x8
- Actel
- Actuate Corporation
- Adaptec
- Aeria Games and Entertainment
- Akamai Technologies (HQ in Cambridge, Massachusetts)
- Altera
- Amazon.com's A9.com
- Amazon.com's Lab126.com
- Amdahl
- Anritsu
- AstraQom
- Asus (headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan)
- Atari
- Atmel
- Broadcom (headquartered in Irvine, California)
- BEA Systems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- Cadence Design Systems
- Cypress Semiconductor
- Dell (headquartered in Round Rock, Texas)
- EMC Corporation (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)
- Extreme Networks
- E*TRADE (headquartered in New York, NY)
- Fairchild Semiconductor
- Flex (formally Flextronics)
- Foundry Networks
- Fujitsu (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- GoPro
- Groupon (headquartered in Chicago, IL)
- Harmonic, Inc.
- HCL Technologies (headquartered in Noida, India)
- Hitachi Data Systems
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
- IBM Almaden Research Center (headquartered in Armonk, New York)
- Infosys (headquartered in Bangalore, India)
- Informatica
- Intuitive Surgical
- LinkedIn (acquired by Microsoft)
- Logitech
- Lucasfilm
- Maxtor (acquired by Seagate)
- McAfee (acquired by Intel)
- Memorex (acquired by Imation and moved to Cerritos, California)
- MetricStream
- Micron Technology (headquartered in Boise, Idaho)
- Microsoft (headquartered in Redmond, Washington)
- Mozilla Foundation
- Move, Inc.
- Nokia (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- Nokia Solutions and Networks (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- NXP Semiconductors
- Nook (subsidiary of Barnes & Noble)
- Olivetti (headquartered in Ivrea, Italy)
- Opera Software (headquartered in Oslo, Norway)
- Palm, Inc. (acquired by Hewlett-Packard)
- Panasonic (headquartered in Osaka, Japan)
- PARC
- PayPal (it has been demerged from eBay)
- Pixar
- Playdom
- PlayPhone
- Qualcomm, Inc. (HQ in San Diego, CA)
- Quanta Computer
- Quantcast
- Quora
- Rambus
- RSA Security (acquired by EMC)
- Samsung Electronics (headquartered in Suwon, South Korea)
- Samsung Research America (headquartered in Suwon, South Korea)
- SAP AG (headquartered in Walldorf, Germany)
- Siemens (headquartered in Berlin and Munich, Germany)
- Sony (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- Sony Ericsson
- Sony Interactive Entertainment
- Square, Inc.
- SRI International
- Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- SunPower
- SurveyMonkey
- Synopsys Inc.
- Tata Consultancy Services (headquartered in Mumbai, India)
- Tibco Software
- TiVo
- TSMC
- Uber (company)
- VA Software (Slashdot)
- Verifone
- VeriSign
- Veritas Software (acquired by Symantec)
- VMware
- WebEx (acquired by Cisco Systems)
- @WalmartLabs
- YouTube (acquired by Google)
- Yelp, Inc.
- Zynga
Silicon Valley is also home to the high-tech superstore retail chain
There is no any other place on Earth you can find such a collection of high tech companies like the SILICON VALLEY.
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